Pengaruh Edukasi Gizi terhadap Feeding Practice Ibu Balita Stunting Usia 6-24 Bulan (The Effect of Nutritional Knowledge on Feeding Practice of Mothers Having Stunting Toddler Aged 6-24 Months)

Abstract

Abstrak

Stunting merupakan masalah gizi kurang yang kronis. Praktik pemberian makan merupakan salah satu faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap kejadian stunting, sehingga diperlukan adanya edukasi gizi mengenai praktik pemberian makan. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian adalah mempelajari pengaruh intervensi edukasi gizi terhadap perbaikan pengetahuan dan praktik pemberian makan (feeding practice) ibu yang memiliki balita stunting. Desain penelitian digunakan desain quasi experiment dengan pre-post test two group design. Lokasi penelitian adalah 6 posyandu di kelurahan Cibeureum Kota Cimahi yang memiliki prevalensi stunting cukup tinggi, jumlah subyek penelitian penelitian pada kelompok satu dan dua masing-masing adalah 20 orang dengan kriteria inklusi meliputi ibu memiliki anak balita stunting usia 6-24 bulan saat penelitian berlangsung, anak tidak cacat, ibu dapat diajak berkomunikasi, bersedia menjadi subyek penelitian penelitian. Intervensi berupa edukasi gizi menggunakan booklet PMBA, cara mencuci tangan yang benar, daftar ukuran rumah tangga dan contoh hidangan yang diberikan 3 kali dengan selang waktu 1 minggu. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi usia ibu, pendidikan, status bekerja, memberikan ASI, mulai MP-ASI, mendapat penyuluhan gizi, pre-post pengetahuan, pre-post feeding practice. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Wilcoxon dan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rerata yang bermakna pada skor pengetahuan sebelum dan setelah intervensi pada kedua kelompok (p=0,006; p=0,003), terdapat perbedaan rerata yang bermakna pada skor feeding practice sebelum dan setelah intervensi pada kedua kelompok (p=0,002; p=0,05).

Kata kunci: stunting, pengetahuan gizi, feeding practice

Abstract 

Feeding practices was one of the factors that contribute to the incidence of stunting and nutritional education needed to improve feeding practices. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of nutritional educational interventions to improve the knowledge and mother’s practice of feeding who has stunting toddlers. The design of this study used quasi-experimental design with pre-post test of two group design. This research was done in the six Public Health Centres of Cibeureum Cimahi which has high prevalence of stunting with the total number of samples in this study were 40 people and the member of each group was 20 people who have a criteria of mothers having stunting toddler aged 6-24 months as the research proceeds, toddler not disabled, mothers being able to communicate, willing to be a sample.  The Intervention of nutritional education using a PMBA booklet, poster about proper wash hands, and food sample given three times at intervals of one week. Data collected were maternal age, education, work status, breastfeeding, complementary feeding, nutritional counseling administration, pre-post knowledge, pre-post feeding practice. The statistical analysis used was Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney test. The result showed there were differences between the mean which was significant in knowledge score before and after the intervention in both groups (p=0,006; p=0,003), there is a mean difference that was significant in scores of feeding practices before and after the intervention in both groups (p=0,002; p=0,05).

Keywords: stunting, knowledge of nutrition, feeding practices