Hubungan Status Gizi dan Pola Makan terhadap Penambahan Berat Badan Ibu Hamil (Correlation between Nutritional Status and Dietary Pattern on Pregnant Mother’s Weight Gain)

Abstract

Abstrak

Status gizi dan pola makan merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi penambahan berat badan ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan hubungan antara status gizi dan pola makan terhadap penambahan berat badan ibu hamil. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang dilakukan pada 71 orang responden di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Penujak Kecamatan Praya Barat Nusa Tenggara Barat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner, SQ-FFQ, dan data dari buku KIA. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik responden, berat badan awal, berat badan saat hamil trimester 3 serta pola makan (pola makan makanan pokok dan lauk hewani). Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson pada program SPSS windows version 15. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden berstatus gizi normal dengan rata-rata IMT 21,68 kg/m² (±1,887 SD), rata-rata penambahan berat badan selama kehamilan 7,06+ 3,956 SD, dan sebagian besar pola konsumsi makanan pokok adalah 6 porsi dan lauk hewani <4 porsi dan >4 porsi. Berdasarkan uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara status gizi terhadap penambahan berat badan (p= 0,008, r = -0,311), ada hubungan antara pola makan makanan pokok terhadap penambahan berat badan (p= 0,003, r = 0,344), dan ada hubungan antara pola makan lauk sumber hewani terhadap penambahan berat badan (p= 0,024, r = 0,268). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status gizi dan pola makan (pola makan makanan pokok dan lauk hewani) terhadap penambahan berat badan ibu hamil.

Kata kunci: status gizi, pola makan, penambahan berat badan ibu hamil

 

Abstract

Nutritional status and diet are factors that influence weight gain for pregnant women. This study aims to prove the relationship between nutritional status and diet on weight gain for pregnant women. This study uses an analytic observational study with cross sectional approach conducted on 71 respondents in Public Health Centre of Penujak Praya District of West Nusa Tenggara Barat. Data was collected through interviews with questionnaires, SQ-FFQ, and data from KIA book. Data collected included the characteristics of the respondent, the initial weight loss, weight gain during pregnancy in the third trimester and diet (diet of staple food and animal protein dish). Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test in SPSS windows version 15. The results showed that most respondents have normal nutritional status with an average BMI of 21,68 kg / m2 (± 1,887 SD), the average weight gain during pregnancy 7,06+ 3,956 SD, and the majority of staple food consumption patterns is 6 servings and animal protein  side dish <4 servings and> 4 servings. Based on the statistical test it showed that there is a correlation between the nutritional status of the weight gain (p = 0,008, r = -0,311) and there is a relationship between diet of staple food to weight gain (p = 0,003, r = 0,344), and there is a correlation  between diet of dishes of  animal protein and weight gain (p = 0,024, r = 0,268). The conclusion of this study indicates that there is a significant relationship between nutritional status and diet (diet of staple food and animal protein  side dish) and weight gain for pregnant women.

Keywords: nutrition, diet, weight gain of pregnant women