Profil asupan zat gizi, status gizi, dan status hidrasi berhubungan dengan performa Atlet Sekolah Sepak Bola di Kota Semarang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijhn.2020.007.02.3Keywords:
nutritional status, intake profile, fluid intake, hydration status, VO2MaxAbstract
ABSTRAK
Prestasi atlet ditentukan salah satunya oleh performa. Kenyataannya banyak atlet mengalami penurunan stamina dalam waktu yang singkat saat pertandingan. Faktor gizi dan hidrasi atlet sangat berpengaruh dalam mencapai prestasi. Pemain sepakbola seharusnya memiliki indeks massa tubuh normal, komposisi tubuh antara massa otot dan lemak yang proporsional. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis profil asupan, status gizi, hidrasi dan performa atlet. Penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional di Sekolah Sepak Bola (SSB) Semarang. Besar sampel sebanyak 111 atlet yang dipilih melalui metode consecutive sampling. Variabel dependen adalah performa atlet yang dinilai berdasarkan VO2Max yang diukur menggunakan metode multistage. Variabel independen adalah status gizi, asupan energi, makronutrien, zat besi, kalsium, asupan cairan dan status hidrasi. Status Gizi dinilai berdasarkan IMT, persen lemak tubuh, dan lingkar pinggang. Data asupan dan c presentase perubahan berat badan. Uji korelasi Spearman dan regresi linear ganda digunakan dalam analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh (p=0,007; r=0,254), persen lemak tubuh (p=0,001; r=0,317), asupan energi (p=0,021; r=0,218), asupan protein (p=0,029; r=0,207), asupan lemak (p=0,018; r=0,224), asupan zat besi (p=0,003; r=0,276), asupan cairan sehari (p=<0,001; r=0,397), asupan cairan sebelum latihan (p==0,02; r=0,22) dan status hidrasi berdasarkan % selisih berat badan (p=0,049; r=0,188) dengan skor VO2Max. simpulan penelitian ini adalah Persen lemak tubuh, asupan cairan sehari, dan lingkar pinggang sangat berhubungan dengan skor VO2Max.
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Kata kunci: status gizi; profil asupan; asupan cairan; status hidrasi; VO2Max
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ABSTRACT
Performance will determine the athlete’s achievements. In reality, many athletes experience a rapidly decreasing stamina during a competition. Athletes’ nutrition and hydration factors are very influential in reaching the achievement. Football players must have a normal body mass index, proportional body composition between muscle mass and fat. This study aimed to analyze the profile of intake, nutritional status, hydration, and performance of athletes. This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design at Semarang Football School. The sample size was 111 athletes selected through the consecutive sampling method. The dependent variable is the performance of athletes assessed based on VO2Max measured using the multistage method. The independent variables were nutritional status, energy intake, macronutrient, iron, calcium, fluid intake, and hydration status. Nutritional status was assessed based on BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference. Data were intake and percentage of changes in body weight. The analyses were done using the Spearman correlation test and multiple linear regression. The results showed a relationship among body mass index (p = 0.007; r = 0.254), body fat percentage (p = 0.001; r = 0.317), energy intake (p = 0.021; r = 0.218), protein intake (p = 0.029; r = 0.207), fat intake (p = 0.018; r = 0.224), iron intake (p = 0.003; r = 0.276), daily fluid intake (p = <0.001; r = 0.397), fluid intake before exercise (p == 0.02; r = 0.22) and hydration status based on the differences
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