Hubungan Indonesian's Healthy Eating Index dengan Biomarker Sindrom Metabolik pada Penderita Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijhn.2020.007.02.6Keywords:
coronary heart disease, food consumption, healthy eating index, metabolic syndromeAbstract
ABSTRAK
Penilaian konsumsi pangan dengan metode Healthy Eating Index (HEI) belum banyak dilakukan di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan HEI versi Indonesia dengan biomarker Sindrom Metabolik (SM) pada penderita Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK). Penelitian ini menggunakan data Studi Kohor Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular periode tahun 2013-2016. Ditemukan sebanyak 124 kasus baru PJK berdasarkan pengukuran EKG. Pengukuran konsumsi pangan menggunakan konsumsi pangan 1x24 jam setahun sebelum subjek didiagnosa PJK. Penilaian kualitas diet dengan metode US-HEI yang dimodifikasi berdasarkan jumlah porsi pada pedoman gizi seimbang Indonesia. Data biomarker SM yang digunakan meliputi tekanan darah, glukosa darah puasa (GDP), glukosa darah pasca pembebanan (GD2PP), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) dan trigliserida yang diukur pada saat pertama kali didiagnosis PJK. Rata-rata skor HEI yaitu 58.6, dan sebanyak 1.6% subjek termasuk kategori baik. Komponen HEI yaitu minuman berpemanis berhubungan signifikan dengan GDP (r=0.271), GD2PP (r=0.191), HDL (r=-0.200) (p<0.05); sedangkan skor Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) berhubungan signifikan dengan HDL (r=0.219) (p<0.05). Hasil studi mengonfirmasi kembali bahwa dalam program pencegahan PJK sebaiknya diikuti dengan mengurangi asupan gula dan meningkatkan konsumsi pangan sumber PUFA.
Kata kunci: Â healthy eating index, konsumsi pangan, penyakit jantung koroner, sindrom metabolik
ABSTRACT
The food consumption assessment using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) method has not been widely applied in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the Indonesian version of HEI and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) biomarkers on coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. This study used data from the Cohort Study of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors for the 2013-2016 period. There were 124 new cases of CHD based on ECG measurements. The measurement of food consumption used a 24-hour dietary recall a year prior to the CHD diagnosis. The diet quality assessment was done using the modified US-HEI method based on the number of servings in the Indonesian balanced nutrition guidelines. Data on MetS biomarkers were blood pressure, Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Postprandial Blood Glucose (PBG), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides at the time of the CHD diagnosis. The mean HEI score was 58.6, and 1.6% of patients were in good categories. The HEI component, sugar-sweetened beverage, was significantly associated with FBG (r=0.271), PBG (r=0.191), HDL (r=-0.200) (p<0.05); meanwhile, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) score was significantly associated with HDL (r=0.219) (p<0.05). These results confirm that CHD program prevention is better followed by reducing sugar intake and increasing PUFA food sources.
Keywords: coronary heart disease, food consumption, healthy eating index, metabolic syndrome
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