PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG TERIGU DENGAN TEPUNG DAUN TURI (Sesbania grandiflora) TERHADAP MUTU DAGING NABATI (EFFECT OF SUBSTITUTING WHEAT FLUOR WITH TURI LEAVE FLUOR (Sesbania grandiflora) ON MEAT ANALOGUE QUALITY)

Abstract

Abstrak

Pola makan vegetarian yang tidak seimbang dapat menyebabkan defisiensi kalsium. Pada vegetarian, asupan kalsium yang terutama berasal dari susu dapat digantikan dengan kalsium dari daun Turi melalui fortifikasi pada daging nabati. Penggunaan daun Turi dalam daging nabati belum pernah dilakukan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang substitusi tepung terigu dengan tepung daun Turi pada daging nabati untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya pada peningkatan mutu daging nabati yang meliputi kadar kalsium, kadar air, dan mutu organoleptik (warna, aroma, rasa, tekstur) daging nabati. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 6 pengulangan. Perlakuan substitusi tepung terigu dengan tepung daun Turi yang diterapkan adalah P0 (100%:0%),P1 (95%:5%), P2 (90%:10%), dan P3 (85%:15%). Variabel yang dinilai meliputi nilai gizi dan mutu organoleptik. Analisis data organoleptik menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dan Uji lanjut Mann Whitney sedangkan analisis data kalsium dan kadar air menggunakan One Way ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan tepung daun Turi cenderung berpengaruh pada warna (p=0,050), berpengaruh nyata pada rasa (p=0,000), aroma (p=0,040), tekstur (p=0,032), kadar kalsium (p=0,000), dan pada kadar air (p=0,000). Hasil uji hedonik rangking menunjukkan P0 sebagai rangking tertinggi. P2 merupakan perlakuan terbaik dari variabel kadar kalsium dan kadar air. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa P2 sebagai perlakuan terbaik meningkatkan mutu daging nabati, yakni dengan menaikkan kadar kalsium menjadi 15,71 mg, menurunkan kadar air menjadi 37,16%, dan dari segi mutu organoleptik dapat diterima oleh panelis.

Kata kunci: vegetarian, tepung daun turi, daging nabati, kadar kalsium, kadar air, mutu organoleptik

 

Abstract

Imbalanced vegetarian diet can cause calsium deficiency. The Vegetarian intake of calcium, mainly coming from milk can be replaced by calcium from Turi’s leaves through meat analogs fortification. As they were never used in meat analogs, it is necessary to study about wheat flour substitution with Turi’s leaves flour in meat analogs to determine the effect on meat analogs quality enhancement,  including calcium level, water level, and organoleptic quality (colour, taste, aroma, and texture) of meat analogs. This study method was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The treatment to substitute wheat flour with Turi’s leaves flour used the ratio of P0 (100%:0%), P1(95%:5%), P2 (90%:10%), and P3 (85%:15%). Variables assessed were  nutritional value and organoleptic quality. Organoleptic data was analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test and followed with Mann Withney test, while calcium and water level data was analyzed using One Way ANOVA test and was followed with Duncan test. The result showed that Turi leaves flour was likely to affect organoleptic color quality (p=0,050) as it showed a significant effect on flavor (p=0,000), aroma (p=0,040), texture (p=0,032), calcium level (0,000) and water level (0,000). A test result of hedonic rank shows that P0 occupied the highest ranking. The result of De Garmo test shows that P2 is the best treatment from calcium level variable and waterlevel. It could be concluded that P2 is the best treatment for meat analogs quality enhancement  by increasing calcium level to 15,71 mg, reducing water levels to 37,16%, and was accepted by consumer from its organoleptic quality.

Keywords: vegetarian, Turi leaves flour, meat analog, calcium level, water level, organoleptic quality.